Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40302967›Full record

SynthesisPediatric diabetes2024

Trends in the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in European Children and Adolescents from 1994 to 2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Marta Carolina Ruiz-Grao, Ana Díez-Fernández, Arthur E Mesas, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Irene Sequí-Domínguez, Fernando Sebastián-Valles, Miriam Garrido-Miguel

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Pediatric diabetes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Real-World Performance of the MiniMed 780G Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop Automated Insulin Delivery System in Greece.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Advances in Childhood Diabetes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marta Carolina Ruiz-GraoFacultad de Enfermería Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 02006 AlbaceteSpain.ORCID 0000-0003-1165-3448
Ana Díez-FernándezHealth and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 16071 CuencaSpain.ORCID 0000-0002-7673-986X
Arthur E MesasHealth and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 16071 CuencaSpain.ORCID 0000-0002-0088-8607
Vicente Martínez-VizcaínoHealth and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 16071 CuencaSpain.ORCID 0000-0001-6121-7893
Irene Sequí-DomínguezFacultad de Enfermería Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 02006 AlbaceteSpain.ORCID 0000-0001-8981-4331
Fernando Sebastián-VallesDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition Instituto de Investigación Princesa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Hospital Universitario de La Princesa MadridSpain.ORCID 0000-0002-4127-0483
Miriam Garrido-MiguelFacultad de Enfermería Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 02006 AlbaceteSpain.ORCID 0000-0003-4617-616X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: To assess the incidence trends in type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents across Europe during the period from 1994 to 2022 using a systematic methodology. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional or follow-up studies reporting population-based incidence rates (IRs) of European children and adolescents diagnosed aged <15 years with type 1 diabetes were included. The Mantel‒Haenszel or DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used to compute the pooled IR estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted by study year, biological sex, age group (0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years), country, and European regions. Results: A total of 75 studies (219,331 children and adolescents aged 0-14 years) with data from 32 countries were included. Generally, a high overall rate of increase in type 1 diabetes incidence has been shown in most European countries from 1994 to 2022 in both sexes, with an overall increase from 10.85 (95% CI, 9.62-12.07) per 100,000 person-years from 1994 to 2003 to 20.96 (95% CI, 19.26-22.66) per 100,000 person-years from 2013 to 2022. Conclusions: There are substantial between-country differences in the current levels and trends of IR in type 1 diabetes in European children and adolescents. Our data suggest a worrying upward trend in most European countries.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesEuropeFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMale

Identifiers

PMID40302967
PMCPMC12020782

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.