ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2025
Geographical Distribution, Spatial Directional Trends, and Spatio-Temporal Clusters of the First Rapid and Widespread Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in Thailand.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effective inactivated lumpy skin disease vaccine for cattle using a field viral strain and Montanide 206.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the spatio-temporal pattern and evolutionary trends of syphilis at township level in Xining City, Qinghai Province, China from 2008 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal clusters and dengue hotspots in the Philippines: a nationwide analysis spanning 2017-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Spatial epidemiology of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Thailand: proximity patterns, case concentrations, spatio-temporal clusters, and interpolated case distribution.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Spatial Risk Distribution of Lumpy Skin Disease in Thailand Based on Maximum-Entropy Modeling.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Using online public animal price data as a signal for predicting an increase in animal disease outbreak reports: a pilot study on cross-correlation modeling in Thailand.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Distribution and Meteorological Determinants of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Occurrence in Bangladesh From 2020 to 2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thailand was recognized as having the highest number of lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks in Southeast Asia during 2021. Understanding how LSD outbreaks spread over time and space can provide detailed insight into the distribution and pattern of the disease, allowing for more precise identification of areas with high disease burden. This study aims to explore the spread of LSD among cattle in Thailand during 2021 using spatial and spatio-temporal analyses. Data were analyzed using spatial analysis techniques, including spatial autocorrelation and directional distribution. Additionally, the spatio-temporal models, including space-time permutation (STP) and Poisson with various maximum reported cluster size (MRCS) settings, were applied to the data to determine LSD outbreak clusters. Results showed that a total of 642 LSD outbreaks were reported from March to December 2021. Districts with confirmed cases exhibited spatial autocorrelation, indicating the interconnected spread of LSD across different geographic areas. Furthermore, the disease distribution pattern appeared to extend to the southern and southwestern regions from the northeast. Based on the spatio-temporal models, LSD outbreak clusters were identified in several regions. The STP model tended to identify more clusters with smaller radii compared to the Poisson model. The number of clusters detected varied according to both the model and MRCS setting, underscoring the importance of selecting the most relevant clusters for the effective implementation of disease control strategies. This study was the first of its kind to assess the spatial direction and spatio-temporal distribution of LSD outbreak clusters based on national-level data. Evaluating LSD occurrence through spatial and spatio-temporal analyses can provide valuable insight into its spatio-temporal dynamics, facilitating disease surveillance, control measures, and vector control strategies in Thailand.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.