Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40302671›Full record

ArticleAnimal bioscience2025

The effect of combined cryoprotectants on the cryotolerance of boar sperm.

Shuangyi Deng, Liwei Yang, Li Gao, Chengcheng Ning, Shiyin Wang, Wei Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Animal bioscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shuangyi DengKey Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Technology in Northwest China, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji, China.
Liwei YangKey Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Technology in Northwest China, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji, China.
Li GaoKey Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Technology in Northwest China, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji, China.
Chengcheng NingKey Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Technology in Northwest China, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji, China.
Shiyin WangKey Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Technology in Northwest China, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji, China.
Wei ZhangKey Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Technology in Northwest China, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji, China.

Funding

Earmarked Fund for XJARS XJARS-09-12Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 2022D01A255Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University XJNZYKJ202201
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe frozen semen has the significant advantages of long-term storage and long-range transportation. However, due to the low cryotolerance of boar sperm, the global utilization of frozen boar semen in artificial insemination was less than 1% until the year 2000.

methodsIn this study, the effects of five cryoprotectants at different concentrations on the cryotolerance of boar semen were evaluated when they were added separately, and the optimal concentrations for each cryoprotectant were determined, then their combined additive effects were further assessed.

resultsAt a glycerol (GLY) concentration of 5%, the quality of frozen-thawed sperm reached its maximum value, which was significantly higher than the 4% GLY group (p<0.05) and 0% GLY group (p<0.01). The straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI), sperm acrosome integrity (SAI) and sperm mitochondrial activity (SMA) of the frozen-thawed sperm in treated egg yolk group exhibited significant improvements compared to the untreated egg yolk group (p<0.05). The total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), SPMI, SAI, and SMA of 2% Equex STM paste group were significantly higher than the rest groups (p<0.05). The TM, PM, VSL, VCL, and VAP of frozen-thawed sperm in the 250 nM and 300 nM Mitoquinone mesylate groups showed significant improvements compared to the other groups (p<0.05), and the reactive oxygen species levels in sperm cells were also significantly lower (p<0.05). The quality of frozen-thawed boar sperm in 0.6 mM L-ergothioneine group reached its peak value and was significantly higher than the rest groups (p<0.05). When these five cryoprotectants were used in combination, the quality of frozen-thawed boar sperm exhibited a significant improvement compared to when they were used individually (p<0.05). Utilizing the frozen-thawed boar semen to inseminate estrus sows, the reproductive performance of the sows did not differ significantly from the sows inseminated with fresh semen (p>0.05).

conclusionThe optimized boar semen cryopreservation system can substantially enhance the quality of frozen-thawed boar sperm, making it suitable for artificial insemination in pig farm.

Indexed as

Boar SpermCryoprotectantsCryotoleranceFrozen DiluteSperm Quality

Identifiers

PMID40302671
PMCPMC12415376

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.