ReviewThe American journal of psychiatry2025
Treating Depression With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Clinician's Guide.
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In one paragraph
Review in The American journal of psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adjunctive bilateral vs. unilateral or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder or bipolar depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- A Preliminary Open-Label Pilot Study of a Pillow-Based ELF-ELME (Extremely Low-Frequency, Extremely Low Magnetic Environment) Intervention for Major Depressive Disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Trial
- Accelerated TMS is associated with changes of subgenual cingulate-default mode network coupling in depression: an observational 7 Tesla fMRI study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Mental Health Parity in Interventional Psychiatry: Access, Ethical and Policy Implications.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Efficacy of 5 × 5 accelerated versus conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Cost-utility analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation as adjunctive therapies in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Childhood trauma and impulsivity in children with first-episode depression: mediation by left frontopolar thickness.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- An EEG-based digital biomarker for personalizing transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Applications and potential mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Therapeutic progress in rosacea: targeting the neuro-vascular-immune triad.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sequential bilateral rTMS combined with fluoxetine for anhedonic depression in adolescents: clinical efficacy and peripheral inflammatory profiles.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Innovating transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: Zapping away the bad memory.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Efficacy of 5×5 accelerated versus conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant depression.Research square · 2025Article
- Augmented intermittent theta-burst stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for cognitive dysfunction in stable-phase schizophrenia: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- What the Non-Psychiatrist Should Know About Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depression.Missouri medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Leo ChenDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
Andrew M FukudaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
Shixie JiangDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
Michael K LeuchterDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
Sanne J H van RooijDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
Alik S WidgeDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
William M McDonaldDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
Linda L CarpenterDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University and Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Chen); Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Fukuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville (Jiang); TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Leuchter); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (van Rooij, McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Carpenter).
Funding
Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation CoreP20GM130452 · NIGMS · BUTLER HOSPITAL (PROVIDENCE, RI) · PI MCLAUGHLIN, NICOLE CR · 2019 to 2023
$11.3MResonant Frequency rTMS: A Novel Approach to Target Circuit Modulation in MDDR01MH135293 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LINDA L CARPENTER, ANDREW F LEUCHTER · 2024 to 2026
$2.1MEffect of TMS on PTSD Neuroimaging and Psychophysiological BiomarkersK01MH121653 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VAN ROOIJ, SANNE JH · 2020 to 2024
$894kNIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130452NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH121653NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH135293
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applies electromagnetic pulses to stimulate cortical neurons. The antidepressant effect of the repetitive application of TMS (rTMS) was first shown nearly three decades ago. The therapeutic potential of TMS has been extensively investigated, mostly in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Studies have extensively evaluated stimulation parameters, treatment schedules, methods to localize the stimulation target, and different magnetic coil designs engineered for desired stimulation breadth and depth. Several of these stimulation protocols and coils/devices have received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for application in TRD and other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some stimulation protocols, while not FDA-cleared, have substantial clinical trial-derived evidence to support their safety and antidepressant efficacy. The proliferation of rTMS translational and clinical research has resulted in the field's advancement. This clinician-oriented review contains an overview of fundamental TMS principles, physiological effects, and studies of rTMS in TRD. Also discussed are two innovations that are increasingly applied in the clinic: theta burst stimulation and accelerated scheduling. A synthesis of the key clinical considerations given to patient assessment and safety, treatment setup, and the minimization and management of adverse effects is provided.
Indexed as
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-ResistantTranscranial Magnetic StimulationHumansDepressive DisordersNeurostimulationTMS
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