ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2025
Shadows of trauma: an umbrella review of the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.
Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis: the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in children and adolescents.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Post-traumatic stress disorder among children and adolescents affected by armed conflict in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Pooled it
- The World Health Organization's Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions: A Systematic Review on Current Evidence regarding Effectiveness and Implementation.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic comparisons of PTSD and complex PTSD in clinical adolescents: Detection rates and ACEs as risk factors.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: outline and updated insights focusing on occupational factors.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2026Review
- Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen-2 (CATS-2) and Its Associations With Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Symptoms.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploring the Evidence Base on the Association Between Parents' Adverse and Positive Experiences and the Developmental, Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes of Their Offspring: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Blended Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Compassion for Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Northern Sweden.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Youth with Comorbid ADHD and PTSD: Insights from Real-World Data.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors Among Children Exposed to the 2023 Al Haouz Earthquake in Morocco.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Traditional Fermented Multi-Grain Supernatant (Ogi-baba Omidun) Restores Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Function in a Juvenile Double-Hit PTSD-Neuroinflammation Rat Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder from early childhood to late adolescence: a resilience-oriented approach to prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management.Discover mental health · 2026Review
- Behavioural Difficulties are Linked to Traumatization in Young Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Clinical Sample.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Study of the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid disorders on the daily lives of schoolchildren aged 11 to 16 in public schools in Morocco.Health psychology report · 2026Article
- The psychometric properties of the International Trauma Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent version in Turkish culture.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health concern affecting children and adolescents, often resulting from exposure to traumatic events such as violence, natural disasters, or abuse. A substantial number of children and adolescents experience these traumatic events; however, the reported prevalence of PTSD in this population varies widely across systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This umbrella review aims to synthesize findings from multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses to provide a comprehensive estimate of PTSD prevalence and identify key risk factors associated with the disorder.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and others, using the COCOPOP framework. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between January 1, 2014, and December 1, 2024, were included. Data were extracted by two reviewers independently and analyzed using Stata 17 with a random-effects meta-analysis model.
resultsA total of twelve studies were included, with a combined sample size of 121,333 participants. The pooled prevalence estimate for PTSD among children and adolescents was found to be 25% (95% CI: 20-30%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 99.9%). Subgroup analyses indicated variations in prevalence based on publication year and the number of primary studies included in the systematic reviews. Key risk factors identified included older age, female gender, low social support, feelings of entrapment, and experiencing bereavement.
conclusionsThe prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents exposed to trauma is notably high. Key contributing factors include older age, female gender, low social support, feelings of entrapment, and experiencing bereavement. Targeted interventions focusing on these risk factors, such as enhancing social support systems and providing early mental health interventions, are essential to improve outcomes for this vulnerable population. Further research is needed to refine these strategies and ensure they effectively meet the needs of children and adolescents affected by trauma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.