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ArticlePilot and feasibility studies2025

Feasibility and usability of remote transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for self-regulation in children with autism: protocol for a randomized controlled pilot study.

Norna Abbo, Trina Mitchell, Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni, Evdokia Anagnostou, Brendan F Andrade, Kevin Thorpe, Deryk S Beal

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pilot and feasibility studies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06129058 (Home-based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06129058 phase2unknown statusnot on this map

Home-based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to Promote Social Communication and Behaviour in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

TypeinterventionalSponsorHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalRan2023 to 2025Enrolled20ConditionsAutism Spectrum DisorderArmsAt-home transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), Sham at-home tDCS
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Norna AbboBloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada. norna.abbo@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9739-0006
Trina MitchellBloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada.
Seyed Hassan TonekaboniBloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada.
Evdokia AnagnostouBloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada.
Brendan F AndradeCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
Kevin ThorpeDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Deryk S BealBloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada.

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 450865
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication and self-regulation impairments. Impaired response inhibition and self-regulation in ASD have been shown to be related to abnormal functional network connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of DLPFC is a safe, tolerable, and precise intervention that has shown promise for the improvement of self-regulatory behavior in ASD. However, clinical translation has been prevented by a lack of effective systematic design, experimental control, and a high participation burden. The proposed protocol aims to evaluate the feasibility and usability of home-based tDCS to promote self-regulation in children with ASD.

methodsParticipants will be randomized into an active or sham tDCS group and will receive 20 min of stimulation 5 days per week for 3 weeks. Participants in the sham group receive a negligible amount of stimulation. Sessions will be virtually supported by the study team. Assessments are taken at baseline, 1-week post-treatment, and 18 weeks post-treatment. These assessments include clinical measures of self-regulation and social communication (participant-, parent-, and clinician-reported), a response inhibition task, and magnetic resonance imaging. Recruitment, retention, and adherence rates will be used to assess the feasibility of the protocol. The usability of the remote tDCS device will be assessed via a usability survey, user interviews, and video analysis of device use. DISCUSSION: Home-based tDCS may benefit children by providing an efficient, passive, and tolerable treatment that positively impacts function, activities, and participation. This study will identify potential challenges for the clinical translation of this therapy so that home-based tDCS can be positioned for success in healthcare delivery implementation.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06129058. Registered on November 8, 2024.

Indexed as

Autism spectrum disorderChildrenFeasibilityNeurostimulationPilot studySelf-regulationTranscranial direct current stimulationUsability

Identifiers

PMID40301914
PMCPMC12039062

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.