ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2025
Optimization and preparation of in-situ mucoadhesive gel of azithromycin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex against upper respiratory tract infections.
Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Improved Bioavailability of Stilbenes fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAzithromycin (ATM) has limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal (GI) side effects that restrict its widespread application.
objectiveTo develop a localized hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD) inclusion complex-based in situ pH-responsive mucoadhesive gel of azithromycin (ATM) and evaluate its performance for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).
methodsAccording to the phase solubility diagram, the ATM HP-βCD complex was prepared and analyzed by FT-IR, DSC, and SEM. Then, using a quality-by-design approach, pH-responsive in-situ gel was prepared. It was characterized in terms of their gelling capacity, pH, spreadability, swelling index, rheological properties and antimicrobial potential.
resultsATM HP- βCD complex 20-fold increased solubility of ATM, i.e., 49.84 ± 1.39 µg/mL with improved dissolution profile compared to pure ATM. Optimized formulation characterized by its gelation pH (6.7), time (1.59 min), and viscosity (1607.9 Pa.s). The developed gel showed a good spreadability index (322.6 ± 0.5%), swelling index (98.26 ± 1.54% after 10 h) and mucoadhesive strength (589 g/cm
conclusionThe developed mucoadhesive in situ gels demonstrated promising in vivo performance, primarily due to their effective antimicrobial activity. In vivo, local retention studies confirmed that the formulations adhered to the throat mucosa and remained in place for up to 24 h after application. The findings presented here suggested that this localized delivery system could serve as a useful strategy for improving the therapeutic effects of ATM against URTIs.
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