ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2025
The association between dietary acid load and risk of gallstone: a case-control study.
Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between total dietary sugar intake and gallstones in Americans.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between serum carotenoid levels and gallstones in adults: a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimWhile dietary factors are known to influence gallstone disease (GD), the specific role of dietary acid load (DAL) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between DAL and GD risk using a case-control design.
methodsThe study included 189 adults with newly diagnosed GD and 342 controls. Anthropometric data were collected, and DAL was calculated using the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) indices. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for confounders.
resultsParticipants in the higher tertiles of both PRAL and NEAP scores showed notably elevated grain consumption and reduced intake of vegetables and fruits (P < 0.001). Conversely, an inverse relationship was observed between NEAP scores and intake of legumes, nuts, and seeds (P = 0.044). After adjustment for confounders, the risk of GD was 25% higher in the second tertile (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.3) and 51% higher in the third tertile (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.36) of PRAL compared to the first tertile (P trend = 0.023). A similar trend was seen for NEAP, with a 19% increased risk in the second tertile (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.84) and 48% in the third tertile (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.3) relative to the first tertile.
conclusionsHigher dietary acid load is associated with an increased risk of GD. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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