ArticleBMC oral health2025
Comparative in vitro study on wear resistance and colour stability of 3D-printed, milled, and conventional PMMA denture teeth.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physicochemical and mechanical comparison of denture base materials after artificial aging.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- BLIS M18 probiotic cleanser: effects on color and surface properties of conventional, milled, and 3D-printed PMMA.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Biocompatibility and Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by PMMA-Based Dental Materials in Gingival Fibroblasts and OECM-1 Tumor Cells.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- A Review of Current Systems, Materials, and Protocols for 3D-Printed Splints, Crowns, and Dentures.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Synergistic Effects of Simulated Energy Drink Exposure and Fatigue Loading on Bioactive and Conventional Resin Composites.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Color stability of CAD/CAM provisional materials after immersion in different coloring solutions: a comparative study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDigital dentures are a promising alternative to the conventional fabrication technique. However, their mechanical and optical properties require further evaluation, so this study aims to compare the wear resistance and colour stability of milled and 3D-printed polymethyl methacrylate denture teeth to conventional teeth. This is essential as too much wear can cause a loss of the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO), which can compromise the chewing efficiency, esthetics, and even cause the dentures to break.
methodsMandibular first molars denture teeth were manufactured using three different techniques, which were chosen to be assessed for wear resistance and colour stability. In the first group, conventionally prefabricated mandibular first molars were used; in the second group, the molars were milled from PMMA blocks; in the third group, the molars were fabricated from 3D printing resin (n = 7). The teeth were loaded on the chewing simulator to simulate the intraoral conditions, and then the volumetric changes were evaluated using surface matching software. Teeth were subjected to aging using the thermocycler, and colour stability was evaluated using a spectrophotometer.
resultsThe null hypothesis was rejected, indicating significant differences between the groups. For wear resistance, the highest mean wear (RMS) value was reported in the conventional group, 1.806 ± 0.085, followed by the printed group, 0.021 ± 0.006, and then the milled group, 0.019 ± 0.005. For colour stability, the highest mean value of colour change (Delta E) was reported in the printed group 2.996 ± 0.445, followed by the conventional group 2.725 ± 0.234, and then the milled group 0.539 ± 0.118.
conclusionMilled PMMA generally demonstrates better wear resistance and colour stability compared to 3D-printed and conventionally processed PMMA. 3D-printed PMMA exhibits comparable wear resistance to milled PMMA. 3D-printed PMMA demonstrated comparable colour stability to conventional resin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.