ArticleCommunications biology2025
Extracellular vesicles of minimalistic Mollicutes as mediators of immune modulation and horizontal gene transfer.
Article in Communications biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial adaptation to essential oils and their main compounds in food systems: mechanisms related to antibacterial resistance.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Bumped Kinase Inhibitor BKI-1708 Interferes in Cytokinesis and Drives Baryzoite Conversion in the Cyst-Forming Apicomplexan ParasitesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bovine Respiratory Mycoplasmas and the Commensal-Pathogen Continuum: A Systematic Review of Vaccines and Diagnostic Approaches.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- GFP-Tagged EViruses · 2026Article
- Nucleoside binding by a surface lipoprotein governs conjugative ICE acquisition in mycoplasmas.mBio · 2026Article
- When less is more: cell size reduction as a metabolic lifeline inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- The secret life of RNA and lipids.RNA biology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive multiomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from Mycoplasma bovis-infected bovine mammary epithelial cells identifies proteins and miRNAs that induce inflammatory responses in macrophages.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Interplay Between Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and Phages: Receptors, Mechanisms, and Implications.Viruses · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles of minimalistic Mollicutes as mediators of immune modulation and horizontal gene transfer.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Survival strategies of mycoplasmas: the critical role of post-translational modifications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are central components of bacterial secretomes, including the small, cell wall-less Mollicutes. Although EV release in Mollicutes has been reported, EV proteomic composition and function have not been explored yet. We developed a protocol for isolating EVs of the pathogens Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) and Mycoplasma (Mycoplasmopsis) bovis and examined their functionality. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that EVs mirror the proteome of the EV-producing bacteria. EVs exhibited nuclease activity, effectively digesting both circular and linear DNA. Notably, M. bovis EVs elicited immune responses in bovine primary blood cells, like those induced by live M. bovis. Our findings reveal that EVs can carry plasmids and enable their horizontal transfer, known as vesiduction. Specifically, the natural plasmid pKMK1, with an unknown transmission route, was detected in EVs of Mmc 152/93 and the tetM-containing pIVB08 plasmid was associated with EVs released by an Mmc GM12 strain carrying this plasmid. pIVB08 could be transferred via homo- and heterologous vesiduction to Mmc, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. leachii. Vesiduction was impeded by membrane disruption but resisted DNase and Proteinase K treatment, suggesting that EVs protect their cargo. These findings enhance our understanding of Mollicutes EVs, particularly in host interactions and horizontal gene transfer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.