Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40301367›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Monolithic silicon carbide metasurfaces for engineering arbitrary 3D perfect vector vortex beams.

Mingze Liu, Peicheng Lin, Pengcheng Huo, Haocun Qi, Renchao Jin, Hui Zhang, Yongze Ren, Maowen Song, Yan-Qing Lu, Ting Xu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mingze Liu *National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7492-1200
Peicheng Lin *National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0126-1363
Pengcheng HuoNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. huopc@nju.edu.cn.
Haocun QiSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
Renchao JinNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
Hui ZhangNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-8890
Yongze RenNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
Maowen SongNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
Yan-Qing LuNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. yqlu@nju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-8557
Ting XuNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. xuting@nju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-1089

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs) can precisely control the light's polarization and phase along tailored intensity profiles, offering significant potential for advanced applications such as optical trapping and optical encryption. Extending PVVBs from 2D to 3D configurations would provide an additional spatial control dimension and enhance their information capacity. However, a compact and low-loss solution to generating 3D PVVBs remains unresolved. Here, we propose and demonstrate the use of monolithic silicon carbide metasurfaces with polarization-dependent phase-only modulation to engineer arbitrary PVVBs in 3D space. We reconstruct the 3D intensity and polarization distributions of PVVBs along customized trajectories, showing their independence from polarization orders and spherical coordinates on the Poincaré sphere. Additionally, we demonstrate a monolithic metasurface that encodes parallel-channel 3D PVVBs for information encryption. The 3D PVVBs generated from minimalist metasurfaces hold great promise for multidimensional micromanipulation and laser micromachining, high-security information processing and high-dimensional quantum entanglement.

Identifiers

PMID40301367
PMCPMC12041508

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.