Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40301155›Full record

ArticleSurgical endoscopy2025

TIPS versus endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for the treatment of gastric fundal variceal rebleeding: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study.

Junyuan Zhu, Yifu Xia, Guangchuan Wang, Guangjun Huang, Mingyan Zhang, Zhen Li, Chunqing Zhang

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Junyuan ZhuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Yifu XiaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Guangchuan WangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Guangjun HuangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Mingyan ZhangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Zhen LiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Chunqing ZhangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. zhangchunqing_sdu@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-1579

Funding

National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFC2507500National Natural Science Foundation of China 81970533Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2022ZD21
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe optimal strategy for preventing rebleeding with gastroesophageal varices type 2 (GOV2) and isolated gastric varices type 1 (IGV1) is unclear. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection (ECI) on GOV2 and IGV1 varices.

methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from patients with cirrhosis with GOV2 and IGV1 varices who received TIPS or ECI treatment between June 2018 and June 2023. The primary endpoint was rebleeding, and the secondary endpoints were death and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). Propensity score matching (PSM) and adjusted survival curves were used to assess the robustness of the results.

resultsA total of 111 eligible patients were included, of whom, 35 patients received TIPS and 76 patients received ECI. The median follow-up time for the TIPS and ECI groups were 746 and 683 days, respectively. TIPS reduced the all-cause rebleeding rate (14.3% versus 33.8%, p = 0.033; after PSM, 16.7% versus 40.0%, p = 0.045) compared with ECI, with lower risk of ectopic embolism (all were in the ECI group). The Incidence of OHE in the TIPS group was higher than that in the ECI group (28.6% versus 1.4%, p < 0.001; after PSM, 33.3% versus 3.3%, p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in mortality (17.1% versus 12.2%, p = 0.684; after PSM, 16.7% versus 16.7%, p = 1.000). The results were not affected by the adjusted survival curve.

conclusionTIPS was more effective than ECI in preventing rebleeding in patients with GOV2 and IGV1 varices with similar survival rates and lower risk of ectopic embolism, although TIPS was associated with a higher incidence of OHE.

Indexed as

CyanoacrylatesEsophageal and Gastric VaricesGastrointestinal HemorrhagePortasystemic Shunt, Transjugular IntrahepaticAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPropensity ScoreRecurrenceRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeCyanoacrylatesCirrhosisCyanoacrylateGastric varicesRebleedingTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Identifiers

PMID40301155

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.