Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40300596›Full record

ArticleCell host & microbe2025

A bacteriophage-conditional mouse model reveals the impact of phages within a conventionally colonized gut microbiota.

Hollyn C Franklin, Rita Makhlouf, Anh D Ha, Rogerio A Bataglioli, Zachary R Baker, Sydney A Murphy, Hannah Jirsa, Joshua Heuler, Teresa Southard, Frank O Aylward and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell host & microbe, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hollyn C FranklinDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Rita MakhloufDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Anh D HaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Rogerio A BataglioliDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Zachary R BakerDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Sydney A MurphyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Hannah JirsaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Joshua HeulerDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Teresa SouthardDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Frank O AylwardDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Bryan B HsuDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: bhsu@vt.edu.

Funding

Investigating the role of phage in the gut microbiomeR35GM147484 · NIGMS · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI Bryan Boen Hsu · 2022 to 2026
$1.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM147484
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The significance of bacteriophages in the gut microbiota remains poorly understood due, in part, to an absence of an animal model that allows for comparative study of conditions with or without phages while retaining the microbial diversity attained by conventional colonization. We describe a mouse model that uses a broadly available chemical compound, acriflavine, to preferentially deplete virulent phages from the gut without significantly impacting gut bacteria. We then show that gut phage density can be reconstituted by oral gavage. Using this bacteriophage-conditional (BaCon) mouse model, we reveal that while phages have comparatively minimal impact during equilibrium conditions, they increase the potency of ampicillin against commensal gut bacteria. Collectively, our work presents an animal model that can be leveraged to conditionally study the role of phages in complex, physiologically relevant systems and further identifies virulent gut phages as potential sources of bacterial variability during major perturbations.

Indexed as

BacteriophagesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAmpicillinAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaMiceMice, Inbred C57BLModels, AnimalAmpicillinAnti-Bacterial Agentsacridinegut microbiomelytic phagemouse model

Identifiers

PMID40300596
PMCPMC12084125

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.