SynthesisClinical oral investigations2025
Long-term stability of maxillary molar distalization in the treatment of Angle Class II malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the long-term skeletal and dental stability following maxillary molar distalization for Angle Class II malocclusion and to explore potential relapse-related factors.
methodsA systematic search of twelve electronic databases and six manual sources was conducted. After data extraction and risk of bias assessment, meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed. Heterogeneity was explored through subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. The certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach.
results9 non-randomized clinical trials involving 223 Class II malocclusion patients were included. Meta-analyses of 5 skeletal and 9 dental treatment effects were conducted. While skeletal changes were minimal and not statistically significant, significant mesial relapse of the first molar (1.80 mm, p = 0.002, I
conclusionsOver a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, skeletal changes were minimal, while maxillary molars showed significant mesial relapse. The first molar also exhibited measurable extrusion and mesial inclination, with younger patients showing greater vertical changes. However, these findings were based on low to very low certainty of evidence due to non-randomized study designs and high heterogeneity, warranting cautious interpretation and further validation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Identifying long-term relapse patterns and patient-related factors after maxillary molar distalization can help orthodontists optimize treatment planning, select appropriate cases, and develop individualized retention strategies to improve long-term stability.
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