ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2025
Factors causing deviation of robot-assisted pedicle screw placement for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: why does deviation still occur even with robotics?
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Enhanced accuracy and safety of TiRobot-assisted pedicle screw placement in spinal deformity: an age-stratified meta-analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative clinical performance of robotic-assisted systems in spinal deformity surgery: focus on perioperative outcomes and pedicle screw accuracy.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and hotspots in robot-assisted spinal surgery for spinal deformity: a bibliometric analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Risk factors of inaccurate screw placement in robotic spine surgeries: why do robots make error and how to avoid them?Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo clarify the factors that are likely to cause deviation in robot-assisted pedicle screw placement in surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
methodsThirty-two consecutive patients with AIS who underwent posterior spinal fusion using a spine robotics system were included. Robot-assisted pedicle screw placements were evaluated using Gertzbein-Robbins system. Deviation rates for breaches of 2 mm or more (Grade C, D, and E) were calculated. Pedicle channel grade, vertebral level, distance from the reference frame (RF), insertion order of the screws, curve laterality, and use of a navigated high-speed drill were investigated as factors causing deviation.
resultsA total of 465 robot-assisted pedicle screws were placed, and deviations were observed in 13 (2.8%). The deviation rates were significantly different by pedicle channel grade (Grade 1: 0%, Grade 2: 0%, Grade 3: 3.1%, Grade 4: 20.4%, p < 0.001), vertebral level, and use of a high-speed drill. There were no significant differences in deviation rates for distance from the RF, insertion order of the screws, or curve laterality. Logistic regression analysis showed pedicle channel grade 4 was a significant risk factor for deviation.
conclusionThe factor that was most likely to cause deviation in robot-assisted pedicle screw placement in AIS was pedicle channel grade. The most likely situation to cause deviation was a narrow pedicle with an internal diameter of less than one mm. Surgeons should be aware that even with the use of robotics, placing screws into such narrow pedicles is challenging.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40299013What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.