ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Analysis of ESAC-Net/EARS-Net Data from 29 EEA Countries for Spatiotemporal Associations Between Antimicrobial Use and Resistance-Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship?
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Six Priority Bacteria in Italy: Trends and Regional Variation, 2015-2024.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on carbapenem use in children with cancer.Infection · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance Dynamics Across Healthcare Level: Global Evidence and Stewardship Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Correction: McSorley, J.C. Analysis of ESAC-Net/EARS-Net Data from 29 EEA Countries for Spatiotemporal Associations Between Antimicrobial Use and Resistance-Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Microbiotoxicity: an under-recognised player in drug efficacy, toxicity, and health outcomes.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- A Six-Step Protocol for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends Using WHONET and R: Real-World Application and R Code Integration.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesAntimicrobial resistance is one of the foremost global health concerns of today, and it could offset much of the progress accrued in healthcare over the last century. Excessive antibiotic use accelerates this problem, but it is recognised that specific agents differ in their capacity to promote resistance, a concept recently promoted by the World Health Organisation in the form of its Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) schema. Which, if any, agents should be construed as having a high proclivity for selection of resistance has been contested. The European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-NET) and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-NET) curate population level data over time and throughout the European Economic Area (EEA). EARS-NET monitors resistance to antimicrobials amongst invasive isolates of sentinel pathogens whereas ESAC-NET tracks usage of systemic antimicrobials. Together, data from these networks were interrogated to delineate correlations between antimicrobial consumption and resistance.
methodsUsing univariate and multivariate regression analyses, spatiotemporal associations between the use of specific antimicrobial classes and 14 key resistance phenotypes in five sentinel pathogens were assessed methodically for 29 EEA countries.
resultsUse of second and third generation cephalosporins, extended spectrum penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazoles and macrolides strongly correlated with key resistance phenotypes, as did overall antimicrobial consumption.
conclusionsThe data obtained mostly support the WHO AWaRe schema with critical caveats. They have the potential to inform antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in the EEA, highlighting obstacles and shortcomings which may be modified in future to minimise positive selection for problematic resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.