Marginal B-cell lymphoma: A 10-year retrospective study at national institute of hematology and blood transfusion, Vietnam.

Objective: The prognostic factors of patients diagnosed with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion between January 2014 and January 2024 were analyzed. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 86 newly diagnosed and treated marginal zone B-cell lymphoma patients. Myelogram, histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining were performed for all patients. Diagnosis and classification were conducted according to the WHO 2008 criteria, while disease staging was determined using the Ann Arbor staging system. Results: All three subtypes of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma were identified: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (73.3%), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (20.9%), and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (5.8%). The most frequently affected extranodal sites were the stomach (25.6%) and eyes (24.4%). The likelihood of stages III-IV disease was found to be 14 times higher in patients with B symptoms, 17 times higher in those with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, 34 times higher in those with increased B2-M levels, and 5.7 times higher in those with a Ki67 index > 30%. Bone marrow invasion was observed to be 14.8 times more likely in patients with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, 40 times more likely in those with increased B2-M levels, and 4.4 times more likely in those with a Ki67 index > 30%. A significant correlation was identified among hemoglobin concentration, lactate dehydrogenase, B2-M, and Ki67, indicating their potential as prognostic markers. Conclusion: Lactate dehydrogenase, B2-M, and Ki67 were found to be significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.