ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2025
ICOS and ICOS ligand: expression patterns and outcomes in oncology patients.
Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02478931 (UCSD Profile Related Evidence Determining Individualized Cancer Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
UCSD Profile Related Evidence Determining Individualized Cancer Therapy (UCSD PREDICT)
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Revealing the dynamics of follicular T cells and checkpoint engagement in surgically resected colorectal cancer and their relations to clinicopathological aspects.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS) and ICOS Ligand: Dealing With a Two-Faced Cancer Immunoregulatory System.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Cracking the resistance code: The molecular reclassification of cancer and precision therapy strategies.Seminars in cancer biology · 2025Review
- Utilization of a Multi-modal Comprehensive Genomic and Immune Profiling Testing Strategy Results in a High Rate of Test Success and Detection of Clinically Relevant Biomarkers While Optimizing Tissue Usage.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Article
- TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL) form a complex, two-faced immune machinery that can lead to both immune stimulation and inhibition. Objective: We explored ICOS transcriptomic expression patterns and their relationship with other checkpoints and with outcomes in patients with advanced/metastatic cancers. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Methods: RNA expression for ICOS and other immune checkpoints was quantified by RNA sequencing and stratified by rank values into high (75-100 percentiles) and low (0-24 percentiles). Fischer's exact tests were used for univariate analyses to evaluate independent predictors of ICOS high and logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for ICOS high versus not high expression were evaluated using the log-rank test (Kaplan-Meier analysis) and Cox proportional hazards. Results: High ICOS (⩾75 percentile RNA rank) was present in 14% of 514 cancers and independently associated with high PD-1 ( Conclusion: High ICOS expression was not a prognostic marker and did not independently predict outcomes after ICIs. Variable expression of ICOS/ICOSL between tumors and association of high ICOS with high PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 suggest that individual tumor immunomic analysis may be required for optimized patient selection in clinical trials targeting the ICOS/ICOSL system, especially when given in combination with ICIs. Trial registration: UCSD_PREDICT, NCT02478931.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.