Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40297567›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2025

The association between learning models and child health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Monica Prajapati, Xuedi Li, Kaylyssa Philip, Charles D G Keown-Stoneman, Jessica A Omand, Alice Charach, Katherine T Cost, Laura M Kinlin, Leigh M Vanderloo, Magdalena Janus and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. More relevant than ever: Celebrating a decade ofPreventive medicine reports · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Monica PrajapatiDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
Xuedi LiChild Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada.
Kaylyssa PhilipTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
Charles D G Keown-StonemanDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
Jessica A OmandSchool of Nutrition, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
Alice CharachDepartment of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada.
Katherine T CostDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
Laura M KinlinDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
Leigh M VanderlooChild Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada.
Magdalena JanusOfford Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
Jonathon L MaguireLi Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
Catherine S BirkenChild Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada.
TARGet Kids! Collaboration

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This paper aimed to explore the association between school learning models (virtual vs. in-person) and child health behaviours (daily screen time, physical activity, outdoor time, sleep duration, and sleep onset time) during COVID-19, and whether these associations were modified by child's age, sex, and family income. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among children four to 13 years from the TARGet Kids! COVID-19 Study of Children and Families between November 2020 and July 2022. TARGet Kids! is a primary care research network in Ontario, Canada. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, child school learning models and health behaviours were collected from repeated parent-reported questionnaires. Linear mixed effects models were fit adjusting for confounders identified Results: A total of 367 children [51 % male; 7.3 (± 2.2) years] with 779 observations on school learning model were included. Compared to in-person learning, virtual learning was associated with higher daily screen time (0.22 h; 95 % CI 0.03, 0.40), higher outdoor time (0.71 h; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86), higher physical activity (0.64 h; 95 % CI 0.44, 0.85), and a later sleep onset time (0.22 h; 95 % CI 0.15, 0.28). Older children had higher daily outdoor time, girls had a later sleep onset time and children with a family income greater than $150,000 reported higher daily physical activity. Conclusions: Virtual learning was associated with higher daily screen time, outdoor time and physical activity, and later sleep onset time during the pandemic.

Indexed as

Child health behavioursCOVID-19Physical activitySchool learningScreen timeSleepVirtual learning

Identifiers

PMID40297567
PMCPMC12036063

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.