ArticlePeerJ2025
Time perception and lived experience in personality disorders: differences across types, dimensions and severity.
Article in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cerebellar Time and Relative Time: A Comparator-Based Dynamical Timing Model and its Relevance to Psychopathology and Therapies.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Review
- Disrupted continuity in borderline personality disorder: a systematic assessment of temporal experience.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Altered temporal experience lies at the core of various psychiatric conditions, including borderline personality disorder (BPD). Mainstream research in psychopathology tends to explore BPD with scrutiny while neglecting other personality disorders (PD). At the same time, the dimensional approach to PD proposes looking through the disorders' subtypes and tracing lived experience-based commonalities. This study is the first to explore the temporality of PD by investigating the relationship between symptom severity and lived time and combining objectified measures of time perception with phenomenological interpretation. Methods: A total of 63 participants of various educational backgrounds, with personality disorders (36.5% male), following ICD-10 coding diagnosed with paranoid (3.2%), borderline (41.3%), narcissistic (33.3%), avoidant (4.8%), dependent (1.6%) and unspecified (15.9%) personality disorder. Levels of personality functioning and intensity of maladaptive trait domains were controlled with Level of Personality Functioning-Brief Scale 2.0 and Personality Inventory for ICD-11, respectively, resulting in the overall sample classification as comprising nine subclinical, 13 mild, 20 moderate, 16 severe, and five extremely severe conditions. Polish Short Version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (PS-ZTPI) and Cottle's Circles Test (CT) were used to assess the temporal experience. Results: In comparison to healthy individuals, those with PD are more oriented toward past negative (4.01
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