ArticleHealth affairs scholar2025
Early childhood education and handgun carrying, serious fighting, and assault charges: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Health affairs scholar, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intergenerational association of early childhood education and interpersonal violence: a retrospective cohort study.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- Social policies as determinants of health: new evidence, ongoing challenges, and future pathways.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
High-quality early childhood education may buffer against social and structural drivers of interpersonal violence. We examined the association of Head Start-a large-scale early childhood education program for low-income children, launched in 1965 as part of the War on Poverty-with handgun carrying, serious fighting, and assault charges among 4281 individuals born between 1980 and 1984 in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. We found that attending Head Start vs other childcare was associated with 0.77 times the risk of handgun carrying by age 31 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.99) and 0.79 times the risk of serious fighting by age 24 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.98) among Black males. No reduction in the risk of outcomes was observed among other subpopulations or when comparing Head Start with solely parental childcare. Expanding access to high-quality early childhood education programs may reduce later-life handgun carrying and serious fighting among those at highest risk, thus reducing racialized disparities. Results suggest that early-life investments in the social, economic, and human capital of structurally disadvantaged children and families may be effective and equitable tools to prevent violence and firearm-related harms.
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Registered trials
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