Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40297230›Full record

ArticleArXiv2025

Go Figure: Transparency in neuroscience images preserves context and clarifies interpretation.

Paul A Taylor, Himanshu Aggarwal, Peter A Bandettini, Marco Barilari, Molly G Bright, César Caballero-Gaudes, Vince D Calhoun, Mallar Chakravarty, Gabriel A Devenyi, Jennifer W Evans and 32 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in ArXiv, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

42 authors.

Paul A TaylorScientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Himanshu AggarwalInria, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, 91120, France.
Peter A BandettiniSection on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Marco BarilariCrossmodal Perception and Plasticity Lab, Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS) and Institute of Research in Psychology (IPSY), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Molly G BrightDepartment of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
César Caballero-GaudesBasque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian-Donostia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
Vince D CalhounTri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Mallar ChakravartyCerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Gabriel A DevenyiCerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Jennifer W EvansExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Eduardo A Garza-VillarrealDepartment of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
Jalil Rasgado-ToledoDepartment of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
Rémi GauInria, CEAUniversité Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, 91120, France.
Daniel R GlenScientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Rainer GoebelDepartment of Cognitive Neuroscience, FPN, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL; Brain Innovation, Maastricht, NL.
Javier Gonzalez-CastilloSection on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian-Donostia, Spain.
Omer Faruk GulbanDepartment of Cognitive Neuroscience, FPN, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL; Brain Innovation, Maastricht, NL.
Yaroslav HalchenkoDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Daniel A HandwerkerSection on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Taylor HanayikWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Peter D LaurenScientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
David A LeopoldSystems Neurodevelopment Laboratory, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jason P LerchWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Christian MathysInstitute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Paul McCarthyWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
Anke McLeodDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
Amanda MejiaDepartment of Statistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
Stefano MoiaDepartment of Cognitive Neuroscience, FPN, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL.
Thomas E NicholsBig Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
Cyril PernetNeurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
Luiz PessoaDepartment of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Bettina PfleidererClinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Justin K RajendraScientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Laura D ReyesLaboratory on Quantitative Medical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, MD, USA.
Richard C ReynoldsScientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Vinai RoopchansinghFunctional MRI Facility, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Chris RordenMcCausland Center for Brain Imaging, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Brian E RussCenter for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University at Langone, One, 8, Park Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Benedikt SundermannInstitute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Bertrand ThirionUniversité Paris Saclay, France.
Salvatore TorrisiUniversity of California, San Francisco, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, SF CA; San Francisco Veteran Affairs Health Care System, SF CA.
Gang ChenScientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Funding

VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCY IN THE AGING ADULT BRAIN CONNECTOME (AABC)U19AG073585 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID H SALAT · 2021 to 2026
$41.3M
Project 5: ComputationalP50MH109429 · NIMH · NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES · PI Robert Thomas Knight · 2017 to 2026
$25.3M
Telerehab for Aphasia (TERRA)P50DC014664 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA · PI FRIDRIKSSON, JULIUS · 2016 to 2025
$25.0M
Resource DiscoveryP41EB019936 · NIBIB · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI David Nelson Kennedy · 2016 to 2026
$15.2M
INTERACTION OF EMOTIONAL PERCEPTION AND VISUAL ATTENTIONR01MH071589 · NIMH · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI PESSOA, LUIZ · 2004 to 2024
$8.9M
Large-scale meta-analysis of functional MRI dataR01MH096906 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Alejandro De La Vega · 2012 to 2026
$7.9M
Defining Neuronal Circuits and Cellular Processes Underlying Resting fMRI SignalsR01MH111439 · NIMH · NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES · PI MILHAM, MICHAEL PETER, SCHROEDER, CHARLES E · 2016 to 2020
$5.1M
The NKI Rockland Sample II: An Open Resource of Multimodal Brain, Physiology & Behavior Data from a Community Lifespan SampleR01MH124045 · NIMH · NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES · PI COLCOMBE, STAN J, MILHAM, MICHAEL PETER · 2021 to 2025
$3.7M
Investigating the molecular, cellular and circuit effects of transcranial magnetic stimulationR01NS109498 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI FALCHIER, ARNAUD Y, OPITZ, ALEXANDER · 2019 to 2022
$3.2M
Data-driven solutions for temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal dynamic functional connectivityR01MH123610 · NIMH · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ADALI, TULAY, CALHOUN, VINCE D · 2021 to 2025
$3.1M
Mechanistic and causal basis of fMRI functional connectivity in non-human primatesRF1MH117040 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI RUDEBECK, PETER, RUSS, BRIAN E · 2018 to 2018
$2.8M
Individual functional brain mapping for biomarker discovery in Alzheimer'sR01AG083919 · NIA · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI Amanda F Mejia · 2024 to 2026
$2.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG083919NIA NIH HHS U19 AG073585NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB019936NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB026859NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD113915NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD108587NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA048993NIDCD NIH HHS P50 DC014664NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH109429NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071589NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096906NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111439NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123610NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124045NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH117040NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH133701NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS109498Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Visualizations are vital for communicating scientific results. Historically, neuroimaging figures have only depicted regions that surpass a given statistical threshold. This practice substantially biases interpretation of the results and subsequent meta-analyses, particularly towards non-reproducibility. Here we advocate for a "transparent thresholding" approach that not only highlights statistically significant regions but also includes subthreshold locations, which provide key experimental context. This balances the dual needs of distilling modeling results and enabling informed interpretations for modern neuroimaging. We present four examples that demonstrate the many benefits of transparent thresholding, including: removing ambiguity, decreasing hypersensitivity to non-physiological features, catching potential artifacts, improving cross-study comparisons, reducing non-reproducibility biases, and clarifying interpretations. We also demonstrate the many software packages that implement transparent thresholding, several of which were added or streamlined recently as part of this work. A point-counterpoint discussion addresses issues with thresholding raised in real conversations with researchers in the field. We hope that by showing how transparent thresholding can drastically improve the interpretation (and reproducibility) of neuroimaging findings, more researchers will adopt this method.

Identifiers

PMID40297230
PMCPMC12036441

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.