Underlying disease is the main risk factor in post-splenectomy complication risk: Data from a national database.

Splenectomy is required for many haematological conditions and causes an increased risk of severe infections and vascular events. The association between underlying haematological disease, age at splenectomy and post-splenectomy complications was explored among 1348 splenectomized patients, followed with a median follow-up time of 13 years and affected by transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (NTDT), sickle cell anaemia (SCA), congenital haemolytic anaemias, autoimmune haematological disorders and trauma. Our main statistical approach was based on interaction analyses within competing-risk survival models. The baseline risk profile differed across diagnostic categories, with SCA being particularly susceptible to infectious complications and NTDT and SCA to vascular events (p < 0.001). The age at splenectomy did not impact on infectious risk but rather older age at splenectomy was associated with increased risk for vascular complications. Furthermore, the risk of developing a post-splenectomy complication was persistent throughout the observation period and not limited to the first 2-3 years after splenectomy. The probability of a post-splenectomy complication was highly dependent on the underlying disease and not on the age at splenectomy, so the indications for splenectomy must be based on careful assessment of pros and cons in the individual disease, with no need to delay surgery after a certain age when clinically indicated.