Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40295910›Full record

Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2025

Emergence profiles of remimazolam-flumazenil versus propofol in pediatric general anesthesia for strabismus correction: a randomized clinical trial.

Jinling Qin, Wei Gan, Qun Liu, Xiaolin Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Bo Lu, Qing Shen

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jinling QinDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
Wei GanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Aier Guangming Eye Hospital, Zhejiang, 315020, China.
Qun LiuDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Aier Guangming Eye Hospital, Zhejiang, 315020, China.
Xiaolin ZhangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Aier Guangming Eye Hospital, Zhejiang, 315020, China.
Xiaoyu LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
Bo LuDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China. nblbmz@hotmail.com.
Qing ShenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China. nbeysq666@163.com.

Funding

Health Science and Technology Plan Project of Ningbo 2020Y08Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province 2019KY173Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province 2021KY288Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province 2025KY1389Ningbo Medical and Health Brand Discipline PPXK2024-05Ningbo Medical Key Discipline 2022B10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRemimazolam (Rm) is a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine used in general anesthesia. However, its application in pediatric general anesthesia remains limited. This study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and postoperative emergence profiles of remimazolam and propofol (Pf) in pediatric surgical anesthesia.

methodsChildren (aged 3-12 years) undergoing strabismus correction surgery were randomly assigned to the Group Rm or the Group Pf. The Group Rm and Group Pf received an induction dose of 0.3 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively. For emergence, the Group Rm was administered flumazenil 0.2-0.3 mg. The primary outcome was the time from the discontinuation of anesthetic agents to the first eye opening. Secondary outcomes included the time from the end of surgery to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal, the time to achieve a Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score of 5 after LMA removal, and Aldrete scores during the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) stay. Additionally, the changes of vital signs before and after anesthesia were compared between the two groups.

resultsIn all patients, both remimazolam and propofol induced anesthesia successfully. Regarding emergence profiles, the Group Rm had significantly shorter times to first eye opening, LMA removal, and achieving an MOAA/S score of 5 post-LMA removal compared to the Group Pf (p < 0.001). Upon arrival at the PACU, the number of patients with Aldrete scores ≥ 9 was significantly higher in the Group Rm (p < 0.001). Following injection, the reduction in DBP was significantly greater in the Group Pf compared to the Group Rm (p < 0.001). The Group Rm maintained a more stable HR compared to the Group Pf.

conclusionRemimazolam provides more stable hemodynamic characteristics and significantly shorter postoperative emergence time in pediatric patients compared to propofol. This suggests that remimazolam may be more suitable than propofol for pediatric general anesthesia, though larger scale clinical trials are needed for further validation.

trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2400083265.

Indexed as

Anesthesia, GeneralAnesthesia Recovery PeriodAnesthetics, IntravenousBenzodiazepinesFlumazenilPropofolStrabismusChildChild, PreschoolDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansHypnotics and SedativesMaleAnesthetics, IntravenousBenzodiazepinesFlumazenilHypnotics and SedativesPropofolremimazolamEmergence profilesHemodynamicsPediatric anesthesiaPropofolRemimazolam

Identifiers

PMID40295910
PMCPMC12036173

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.