Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40295859›Full record

ArticleNpj viruses2025

Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 D614G, Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants in golden hamsters.

Andra Banete, Bryan D Griffin, Juan C Corredor, Emily Chien, Lily Yip, Tarini N A Gunawardena, Kuganya Nirmalarajah, Jady Liang, Yaejin Lee, Alexander Leacy and 25 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Npj viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Andra Banete *Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Bryan D Griffin *Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Juan C CorredorBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Emily ChienBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Lily YipBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Tarini N A GunawardenaProgram in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kuganya NirmalarajahBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jady LiangKeenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Yaejin LeeBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alexander LeacyDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Sara PagliaraniDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Richard de BorjaOntario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Winfield YimBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hunsang LeeDonnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Yu OnoderaKeenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Patryk AftanasShared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Patrick BudylowskiDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sang Kyun AhnDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Yanlong PeiDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Hong OuyangProgram in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Laura KentDivision of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Xinliu Angel LiDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mario A OstrowskiKeenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Robert A KozakBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sarah K WoottonDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Natasha Christie-HolmesToronto High Containment Facility, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Scott D Gray-OwenDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mikko TaipaleDonnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jared T SimpsonOntario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Finlay MaguireShared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Allison J McGeerDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Haibo ZhangKeenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Leonardo SustaDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Theo J MoraesProgram in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Samira MubarekaBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. samira.mubareka@sunnybrook.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, novel variants have evolved to become dominant circulating lineages. These include D614G (B.1 lineage), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) and BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2) viruses. Here, we compared the viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmissibility of these variants. Replication kinetics and innate immune response against the viruses were tested in ex vivo human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids (IPSC-LOs), and the golden hamster model was employed to test pathogenicity and potential for transmission by the respiratory route. Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 viruses replicated more efficiently, and outcompeted D614G, Alpha, and Gamma viruses in an HNEC competition assay. BA.1 and BA.2 viruses, however, replicated poorly in IPSC-LOs compared to other variants. Moreover, BA.2 virus infection significantly increased secretion of IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, IL-6, and IL-1RA in HNECs relative to D614G infection, but not in IPSC-LOs. The BA.1 and BA.2 viruses replicated less effectively in hamster lungs compared to the other variants; and while the Gamma virus reached titers comparable to D614G and Delta viruses, it caused greater lung pathology. Lastly, the Gamma and Delta variants transmitted more efficiently by the respiratory route compared to the other viruses, while BA.1 and BA.2 viruses transmitted less efficiently. These findings demonstrate the ongoing utility of experimental risk assessment as SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to evolve.

Identifiers

PMID40295859
PMCPMC11850601

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.