Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40295464›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of behavioral medicine2025

Income, Healthy Food Availability, and Consumption Mediate Rural-Urban Health Disparities.

Benjamin J Smith, A Janet Tomiyama, Deborah H John, Bryan Mantell, Elliot T Berkman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of behavioral medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Benjamin J SmithCenter for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. benjsmith@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1223-2808
A Janet TomiyamaDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-5813
Deborah H JohnCollege of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0172-5252
Bryan MantellCenter for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Elliot T BerkmanCenter for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-5792

Funding

Supplement to Prevention Research Center: Parenting Among Women Who Are Opioid Users, Project 2P50DA048756 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF OREGON · PI MACKIEWICZ SEGHETE, KRISTEN L · 2019 to 2023
$18.0M
Construal level as a novel pathway for affect regulation and cancer controlR01CA240452 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF OREGON · PI BERKMAN, ELLIOT TODD · 2020 to 2024
$3.4M
Devaluing Energy-Dense Foods for Cancer Control: Translational NeuroscienceR01CA211224 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF OREGON · PI BERKMAN, ELLIOT TODD · 2017 to 2021
$3.2M
Food Insecurity, Poor Diet, and Metabolic Syndrome: Cortisol’s Amplifying RoleR01DK128575 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI TOMIYAMA, A. JANET · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
Obesity stigma and health behavior: An experimental approachR01HL158555 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI TOMIYAMA, A. JANET · 2021 to 2023
$1.3M
National Science Foundation BCS2220295NCI NIH HHS R01 CA211224NCI NIH HHS R01 CA240452NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL158555NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA048756NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK128575NIH HHS CA211224NIH HHS CA240452NIH HHS DA048756NIH HHS R01DK128575NIH HHS R01HL158555
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExamine the role of income, perceived healthy foods availability, and consumption as mediators of rural-urban health disparities.

methodPre-registered simple mediation models with post hoc multi-mediator models were tested using national- and state-level survey data. Oregon data was collected in an online Qualtrics survey between October 8 and November 9, 2021 using CloudResearch; Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5, a nationally representative dataset, was collected over 4 cycles from 2017 to 2020. Oregon residents (n = 771; rural = 313, urban = 458) self-reported online: income, perceived fruits and vegetable (FV) availability, FV consumption, and BMI measures (height, weight). HINTS respondents (rural n = 1235; urban n = 13,912) self-reported the same variables of interest without FV availability, and with an additional self-rated health variable detailed below. 

resultsThe effect of rurality on BMI (b = 0.012, SE = 0.005, p = 0.01) and self-rated health (b = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = 0.008) when combining datasets was mediated by a series of income, perceived FV availability, and FV consumption.

conclusionTo address rural-urban health disparities, individual (cognition, behavior), social (household income), and community (healthy food availability) factors should be targeted together.

Indexed as

Diet, HealthyFood SupplyHealth Status DisparitiesIncomeRural PopulationUrban PopulationAdultAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleFruitHumansMaleMiddle AgedOregonVegetablesBody mass indexHigh blood pressureIncome distributionNutritional availabilityRural health

Identifiers

PMID40295464
PMCPMC12354331

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.