ArticleAnnals of botany2025
Invasive plants have a delayed and longer flowering phenology than native plants in an ecoregional flora.
Article in Annals of botany, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- National-Scale Conservation Gaps and Priority Areas for Invasive Plant Control in China: An Integrated MaxEnt-InVEST Framework.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsFlowering phenology has been suggested as an important factor to explain invasions of non-native plant species. The success of invasive species might be enhanced by flowering at different times (the vacant niche hypothesis) or flowering for longer periods (the niche breadth hypothesis) than native species. However, comprehensive regional assessments of the flowering phenology of invasive and native floras are lacking in the literature. In this study, we evaluated the flowering phenology of invasive and native plant species pools to test the above-mentioned hypotheses within a biogeographically meaningful region.
methodsWe investigated the start, end and length of flowering between the invasive and native floras that occur at the same elevation range in the Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion (north-west Iberian Peninsula), a biogeographical hotspot for invasive plants in south-west Europe. We also accounted for species habitat preferences and climatic and biogeographical origin of the invasive species. KEY
resultsWe found a mismatch in flowering time between the ecoregional invasive and native floras. Invasive species had a delayed and longer flowering phenology in comparison to native species. These differences in flowering time were more pronounced in man-made habitats and in invaders from temperate and tropical regions.
conclusionsOur results are consistent with the vacant niche hypothesis; the asynchrony in flowering time could allow invaders to exploit a temporally empty niche. Our results are also consistent with the niche breadth hypothesis, suggesting that invasive species exhibit a longer flowering period than natives, which might allow them to have prolonged access to resources. Future studies should explore the phenological patterns of invasive and native species across biogeographically relevant regions to enhance our understanding of large-scale invasion events.
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