ArticleIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Expression of Galectin 3 and Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons of 6-Hydroxydopamine Induced Parkinsonian Rat Model.
Article in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Central nervous system resilience to cyclophosphamide: preserved behavior, astrocytes and LGALS3 expression in immunosuppressed mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 as a Key Driver of Neuroinflammation and α-Synuclein Aggregation in Parkinson's Disease: Unlocking New Paths for Biomarkers and Therapies.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimParkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease marked by the relatively progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (SN). Retrograde degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been widely used as a PD animal model, while endogenous 6-OHDA promotes the progression of PD pathology. Galectin 3 (Gal3) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and roles of Gal3 and ATF3 in a Parkinson's disease animal model induced by 6-OHDA. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe investigated temporal and spatial profiles of Gal3 expression in 6-OHDA rat model of PD. Lesions were induced by unilateral stereotactic injections of 6-OHDA into the striatum. Three days prior to 6-OHDA lesion, Fluorogold (FG) was injected at the same coordinates as the subsequent 6-OHDA injection. 6-OHDA induced retrograde degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive and FG immunopositive neurons within SN in a time-dependent manner.
resultsActivating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression was also upregulated in the SN, in a pattern similar to that of Gal3 immunoreactivity. Finally, we confirmed through triple immunofluorescence staining that ATF3 and Gal3 were colocalized in the dopaminergic neurons labeled with FG. These neurons were damaged by 6-OHDA.
conclusionGal3 may play a key role in the signaling pathway of dopaminergic neuronal cell death induced by 6-OHDA. This is the first
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.