Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40294204›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

SHBG, Testosterone, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-Aged African Women: Exploring the Effect of HIV and Menopause.

Julia H Goedecke, Clement Nyuyki Kufe, Maphoko Masemola, Mamosilo Lichaba, Ikanyeng D Seipone, Amy E Mendham, Hylton Gibson, James M Hawley, David M Selva, Itai M Magodoro and 8 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Julia H GoedeckeBiomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-6795-4771
Clement Nyuyki KufeSouth African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2198 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Maphoko MasemolaSouth African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2198 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Mamosilo LichabaDepartment of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ikanyeng D SeiponeBiomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa.
Amy E MendhamSouth African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2198 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Hylton GibsonDepartment of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
James M HawleyDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
David M SelvaDiabetes and Metabolism Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Itai M MagodoroDepartment of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
Andre Pascal KengneNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa.
Tinashe ChikoworeSouth African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2198 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Nigel J CrowtherDepartment of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Shane A NorrisSouth African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2198 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Fredrik KarpeOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9LE, UK.
Tommy OlssonDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-7768-1076
Karl-Heinz StorbeckDepartment of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-1669-6383
Lisa K MicklesfieldSouth African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2198 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Funding

Shared Core: Biobanking, Bioinformatics and Data ManagementU54HG006938 · NHGRI · WITS HEALTH CONSORTIUM (PTY), LTD · PI RAMSAY, MICHELE MICHELE · 2012 to 2022
$12.2M
University of Pittsburgh HIV-Comorbidities Research Training Program in South AfricaD43TW010937 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI NACHEGA, JEAN BISIMWA, SEEDAT, SORAYA · 2019 to 2023
$1.2M
AWI-Gen Collaborative CentreDepartment of Science and Innovation (DSI)/National Research Foundation (NRF)Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa DST/CON 0056/2014GSK Africa Non-Communicable Disease Open Lab ES/N013891/1H3Africa ConsortiumNational Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRINational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)National Institutes of Health (NIH) U54HG006938Newton FundNIH/Fogarty International Centre (FIC) D43TW010937Office of AIDS Research (OAR)South African Medical Research CouncilSouth African National Department of Health, the UK Medical Research CouncilSouth African National Research Foundation UID:99108University of Pittsburgh HIV Comorbidities Research Training Program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextSex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone are differentially associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.

objectiveThis work aimed to investigate whether the associations between SHBG, testosterone, and T2D risk differ by HIV and menopausal status in Black African women living with HIV (WH) and without HIV (WOH).

methodsThis cross-sectional observational study took place at the Health Research Unit in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. A total of 81 premenopausal (57 WOH, 24 WH) and 280 postmenopausal (236 WOH, 44 WH) women from the Middle-Aged Soweto Cohort (MASC) participated. Main outcome measures included circulating SHBG and sex hormones, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), secretion (insulinogenic index) and clearance, and β-cell function (disposition index, DI). Dysglycemia was defined as either impaired fasting or postprandial glucose or T2D.

resultsSHBG was higher and total and free testosterone were lower in postmenopausal WH than WOH (all P ≤ .023). Irrespective of HIV serostatus, SHBG was positively associated with Matsuda index, insulin clearance, and DI and inversely with HOMA-IR (all P < .011). The association between SHBG and Matsuda index was stronger in premenopausal than postmenopausal women (P = .043 for interaction). Free testosterone (and not total testosterone) was only negatively associated with basal insulin clearance (P = .021) and positively associated with HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) in premenopausal and not postmenopausal women (P = .015 for interaction).

conclusionWe show for the first time that midlife African WH have higher SHBG and lower total and free testosterone than WOH, which corresponded to their higher β-cell function, suggesting a putative protective effect of SHBG on T2D risk in WH.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HIV InfectionsMenopauseSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinTestosteroneAdultBlack PeopleCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInsulin ResistanceMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSouth AfricaSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinSHBG protein, humanTestosteroneAfricaandrogensestrogenfree testosteroneHIVpostmenopausalpremenopausalsex hormone–binding globulintotal testosterone

Identifiers

PMID40294204
PMCPMC12623020

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.