ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2026
Immune-selection stability is a neglected property of the causal risk ratio.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A simple and powerful test of vaccine waning.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Cornfield Condition and Principle: A Critical Appraisal.Observational studies · 2026Article
- Choosing a sensible contrast makes "prevalence bias" irrelevant in screening colonoscopy trials.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Risk ratios are one of the most commonly used effect measures in epidemiology. Yet their properties and transportability across different populations remain debated. In this article, we show that the causal risk ratio is stable to selection based on immune status. For example, the causal risk ratio remains unchanged when individuals who cannot experience the outcome regardless of the assigned treatment, are excluded from a study. We call this property "immune-selection stability" (ISS). The ISS can help researchers justify the transportability of the risk ratio, based on explicit arguments about the data generating mechanism. An isomorphic property holds for survival ratios when selecting individuals based on doomed status. Despite extensive debates on the properties of risk ratios, the ISS has received little attention. We highlight its practical relevance and discuss implications for interpreting, comparing, and transporting estimates across populations.
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