Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40292789›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Emission Integral Effect on Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurements Made Using Mid-Infrared Passive Spectroscopic Imaging.

Daichi Anabuki, Shiori Tahara, Hibiki Yano, Akira Nishiyama, Kenji Wada, Akiko Nishimura, Ichiro Ishimaru

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Daichi AnabukiGraduate School of Science for Creative Emergence, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan.
Shiori TaharaGraduate School of Science for Creative Emergence, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan.
Hibiki YanoGraduate School of Science for Creative Emergence, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan.
Akira NishiyamaFaculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Kenji WadaFaculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Akiko NishimuraFaculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3670-9954
Ichiro IshimaruFaculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Living bodies emit mid-infrared light (wavelength band centered at approximately 10 µm) with a temperature-dependent intensity. Several studies have shown the possibility of measuring blood glucose levels using the mid-infrared emission of living bodies, and we have demonstrated non-invasive blood glucose measurements through distant wrist measurements (wavelength 8-14 µm) by mid-infrared passive spectroscopic imaging. However, it is not clear why blood glucose is detectable, as there is no formula that shows the effect of material thickness and concentration on emission intensity. In this study, we developed a principle for understanding glucose detection by proposing that an emission integral effect underpins the changes in emission intensity with substance thickness and absorption coefficient. We demonstrate the emission integral effect by measuring the spectral radiance of polypropylene with different thicknesses using mid-infrared passive spectroscopic imaging. The simulation results based on the emission integral effect indicate that in living bodies, dilute components such as glucose are easier to identify than components with high concentrations. Mid-infrared passive spectroscopic imaging offers potential innovative solutions for measuring various substances from a distance, with the emission integral effect acting as the basic working principle.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseHumansInfrared RaysPolypropylenesSpectrophotometry, InfraredBlood GlucosePolypropylenesFourier-transform spectroscopymid-infrared spectroscopynon-invasive blood glucose sensorthermal emission spectroscopythermal radiation

Identifiers

PMID40292789
PMCPMC11945277

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.