Multiple trauma and shock vital signs as potential for improved outcome in patients with severe head trauma.

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic factors in severe head trauma patients (Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤ 8) with all trauma, including those with trunk injury as well as single severe head trauma (abbreviated injury scale (AIS) ≥ 3). Methods: We included 152 consecutive patients with head trauma (AIS ≥ 3) and consciousness disorders (GCS ≤ 8) who were transported to our institute from January 2017 to October 2022. Data on the patients' background, vital signs at presentation, multiple trauma (AIS ≥ 3 in two or more locations), surgical intervention, and hematological findings were examined; a retrospective analysis was conducted with the modified Rankin Scale score after 3 months assigned as the primary outcome. Results: The patients' mean age was 57.6 ± 23.4 years (0-89), 49 patients (32.2%) had multiple trauma, and 25 patients (16.4%) had accompanying shock vital signs. In the multivariate analysis of prognosis, age ( Conclusion: Advanced age and high D-dimer levels are important independent associated factors in patients with severe consciousness disorder associated with head trauma; meanwhile, the prognosis is more favorable in patients whose consciousness disorders are associated with multiple trauma or circulatory failure, indicating that rapid improvement of circulatory failure may lead to better outcomes.