Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40291944›Full record

ArticleJournal of medicine and life2025

Dose optimization of cone beam computed tomography: measurement of parotid absorbed dose and image quality assessment.

Lezan Othman Shina, Shereen Ismail Hajee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medicine and life, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Lezan Othman ShinaDepartment of Dental Health, Hawler Specialized Center for Oral and Dental Health, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Shereen Ismail HajeeDepartment of Pharmacology, Medical Physics and Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology used in dentistry. This study aimed to reduce radiation exposure by adjusting CBCT parameters while ensuring that image quality remained suitable for diagnostic purposes. This controlled experimental study was conducted between February and July 2022 at the private Alpha Center for Dental Radiology in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The PaX-i3D SMART CBCT system, thermoluminescent dosimeters, and a specialized head and neck dosimetry phantom were used to measure the parotid gland. Tube voltage varied from 75 to 99 kVp, and tube current varied from 4 to 10 mA. For the image quality assessment, a dry human mandible immersed in water was exposed to CBCT X-rays with the same dosimetry exposure settings. Subjective image assessment was performed randomly by four dental and maxillofacial radiologists. The highest absorbed dose recorded was 654.47 µGy at 94 kVp and 8.1 mA, while the lowest was 198.5 µGy at 80 kVp and 4 mA. Out of the 32 scans, 19 images were considered acceptable based on clinical evaluation, and their absorbed dose ranges were lower than the default exposure setting of the device. Statistically, there was a strong positive correlation between absorbed dose, kVp, and mA, and a non-significant correlation between image quality and kVp in five (4, 4.5, 6, 8, and 10) of the seven mA groups. Optimizing CBCT settings to 80 kVp and 4 mA significantly reduced the radiation dose to the parotid gland while maintaining diagnostic image quality. This finding supports the adoption of lower mA and kVp settings in clinical practice to enhance patient safety without compromising diagnostic effectiveness.

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyParotid GlandRadiation DosageHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalPhantoms, ImagingThermoluminescent Dosimetry2D, Two Dimensional3D, Three-DimensionalALARA, As Low As Reasonably AchievableCBCT, Cone-Beam Computed Tomographycone-beam computed tomographyCT, Computed Tomographydental radiographydiagnostic imagingFOV, Field-Of-ViewIQA, Image Quality AssessmentmA, milliamperageradiation dosageTLD, ThermoLuminescent Dosimeters

Identifiers

PMID40291944
PMCPMC12022734

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.