Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40291592›Full record

ReviewResuscitation plus2025

Implementation of school-based CPR training - A systematic review and mixed-methods

Mahan Sadjadi, Rebecca Brülle, Umut Onbasilar, Hendrik Booke, Christian Strauß, Thilo von Groote, Hugo van Aken, Antje Gottschalk

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Resuscitation plus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mahan SadjadiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany.
Rebecca BrülleDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany.
Umut OnbasilarDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Kreuzbergstrasse 79, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Hendrik BookeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany.
Christian StraußDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany.
Thilo von GrooteDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany.
Hugo van AkenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany.
Antje GottschalkDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Kreuzbergstrasse 79, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: Despite initiatives like "Kids Save Lives", CPR trainings are often poorly implemented, and bystander CPR rates remain low. This systematic review and mixed-methods Methods: A systematic search was conducted across seven databases. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic synthesis, and findings were evaluated with GRADE-CERQual. Quantitative data were synthesized through qualitative findings, providing deeper context using a convergent qualitative Results: A total of 18 reports (7 qualitative and 11 quantitative) on school-based CPR training were included from an initial pool of 7914 records. Key enablers of successful school-based CPR training implementation were related either to program characteristics or to environmental factors, with both being equally important. Generally, programs are better implemented if they include high-quality resources, incur low costs in terms of funds, time and staffing, show adaptability to the setting in which they are implemented, and provide standardized training for teachers or implementers. Regarding environment factors, implementation is facilitated by broad support from school stakeholders (leadership, teachers, and parents) and is more successful where, supported by mandatory legislation and government endorsement, health is framed as a core business of schools. Conclusion: The successful implementation of school-based CPR training depends on both program characteristics and environmental factors, operating together in a "seed and soil" manner. Addressing both aspects is essential for effective program planning. Future research should more broadly explore health outcomes beyond CPR-related measures and investigate how CPR training can be integrated into wider health-promoting school initiatives.

Indexed as

ChildrenCPR-trainingImplementationKidsQualitativeSchoolSystematic Review

Identifiers

PMID40291592
PMCPMC12033932

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.