ArticleCureus2025
Assessing Socioeconomic and Environmental Vulnerability and Awareness of Zoonotic Diseases From a One Health Perspective: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Population in Tamil Nadu, India.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe interconnection between human, animal, and ecosystem health is crucial, particularly in rural areas, where several socio-economic and environmental risk factors heighten vulnerability to zoonotic diseases. This study aims to assess the vulnerability as well as knowledge and practices concerning zoonosis from a One Health perspective. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was carried out in rural areas of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, from July to December 2024, selected by simple random sampling. The socio-demographic and ecological risk factors, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding zoonosis were assessed utilizing a validated semi-structured questionnaire among 408 participants. Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and R programming (version 4.4.3; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) were used for analyzing the data.
resultsThe study sample, comprising 238 (58.3%) males, had a mean age of 43.32 years, with 46 (11.3%) being illiterate. Around 134 (32.84%) belonged to the lower middle class, with 50 (12.3%) worked in agriculture, and 118 (28.9%) were unemployed. Around 96 (23.53%) of the population lived in kutcha houses, 151 (37.01%) reported dampness, and 253 (62.01%) reported overcrowding. Environmental issues include mosquito breeding in 279 (68.38%), open drains in 268 (65.69%), stray animals in 308 (75.49%), and rat infestations in 155 (37.99%) of communities. Around 321 (79%) of individuals demonstrated good knowledge, while only 96 (24%) exhibited a positive attitude and 107 (26%) engaged in good practices. We noted a negative attitude and poor practices among 120 (29%) and 170 (42%), respectively. Individuals aged 41 years and older (p=0.02) and pet owners (p=0.01) demonstrated a higher level of knowledge.
conclusionsThis study emphasizes the importance of addressing vulnerabilities in socially and ecologically disadvantaged populations to prevent zoonotic diseases. It identifies a gap between knowledge and practical application, advocating for behavior change for better rural health outcomes.
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