Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40291234›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Exploring Safety Outcomes Among Sanitary Workers in Punjab, Pakistan.

Nadia Nisar, Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat, Dayana Hazwani Mohd Suadi Nata, Nurul Farahana Kamaluddin, Ismarulyusda Ishak, Ayesha Haque

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nadia NisarCommunity Medicine, National University of Sciences and Technology, School of Health Sciences, Islamabad, PAK.
Nur Zakiah Mohd SaatCenter for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.
Dayana Hazwani Mohd Suadi NataEnvironmental Health and Industrial Safety Program, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.
Nurul Farahana KamaluddinEnvironmental Health and Industrial Safety Program, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.
Ismarulyusda IshakProgram of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.
Ayesha HaqueAnatomy, National University of Sciences and Technology, School of Health Sciences, Islamabad, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSanitary work is the backbone of the municipal system. In Pakistan, it is performed manually, often under unhygienic conditions. As a result, workers are exposed to hazardous health and safety risks.

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the safety outcomes among sanitary workers in Punjab, Pakistan.

methodA qualitative research approach was used, employing focus group discussions (FGDs) for data collection. Two FGDs were conducted, involving a total of 19 sanitary workers and two managers from the Cantonment Board Taxila and the Lahore Waste Management Company.

resultsThematic analysis, conducted manually, revealed that while most sanitary workers reported minimal major injuries due to the consistent use of gloves and masks, they still experienced various minor health issues. These included skin allergies, burns, eye infections, respiratory infections, and minor cuts on the hands and other parts of the body. Additionally, participants highlighted significant psychological challenges, such as fear of chronic illness, stress, and depression, largely attributed to their demanding workloads.

conclusionThe findings underscore the urgent need for improved occupational health policies in Pakistan to address the physical and mental health challenges faced by sanitary workers. The government should implement comprehensive health and safety regulations to enhance their well-being and mitigate the adverse health effects associated with their work.

Indexed as

injuriesmental healthsafety outcomessanitary workersworkload

Identifiers

PMID40291234
PMCPMC12034294

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.