Residential cognitive-behavioral therapy versus therapeutic community for patients with methamphetamine use disorders in the Philippines: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: In the Philippines, an estimated 1.8 million people use methamphetamine. Despite the government's anti-drug campaign, repressive methods have been ineffective. Thus, treatment and human services are needed. We developed a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for residential and rehabilitation center-based treatment and examined its effectiveness Methods: In this block-randomized single-blinded trial, control group participants received therapeutic community-type treatment only, while the intervention group additionally participated in our CBT program for 6 months. Primary outcomes were methamphetamine re-use, measured by urine tests and self-report at 3-months post-discharge, and self-reported well-being at pre-discharge and 3-months post-discharge. Findings: Participants (n = 326) were randomized into intervention (n = 162) and control (n = 164) groups. At follow-up, 3/27 (11.11 %) and 1/27 (3.70 %) participants in the respective groups had positive urine tests for drug re-use (χ Conclusions: Although without significant effect on drug re-use, the intervention had a small positive effect on patients' well-being, coping skills, and other psychological variables. Additional research is required to develop effective treatments for methamphetamine use in this region.