Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40289841›Full record

ArticleRenal failure2025

Metformin and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a European population based on Mendelian randomization.

Xiaopei Liu, Xingyao Li, Peng An, Qi Gao, Yanhong Zhao, Xingmin Shi, Xili Wu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xiaopei LiuDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xingyao LiDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Peng AnDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Qi GaoDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Yanhong ZhaoDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xingmin ShiKey Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Medical Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xili WuDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetformin, widely used for type 2 diabetes, raises concerns about its use in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to risks like lactic acidosis and renal function impact. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) and summary data-based MR (SMR) to explore metformin's potential causal relationship with CKD and associated genes.

methodsWe employed MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, IVW) and sensitivity analyses to explore the causal relationship between metformin and CKD. SMR was used to analyze eQTL and CKD data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen, intersecting these with metformin drug targets to identify genes associated with CKD.

resultsMR analysis indicated that metformin may increase CKD risk (IVW model: OR = 144.67,

conclusionThe study suggests metformin could elevate CKD risk and identifies relevant genes. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing metformin, particularly for patients with renal issues. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and guide clinical practices.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsMetforminRenal Insufficiency, ChronicEuropeHumansMendelian Randomization AnalysisPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsHypoglycemic AgentsMetformincausal relationshipchronic kidney diseaseMendelian randomizationmetforminsummary data-based Mendelian randomization

Identifiers

PMID40289841
PMCPMC12039405

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Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.