Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40289834›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Resilience in Alzheimer's disease: Impact of operationalization and methodological choices.

Sophie Mutel, Lara Quatrocchi, Daniele Altomare, Christian Chicherio, Max Scheffler, Karl-Olof Lövblad, Kaj Blennow, Nicholas J Ashton, Henrik Zetterberg, Marc Abramowicz and 7 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Resilience in Alzheimer's disease: Impact of operationalization and methodological choices.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Sophie MutelLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2683-2465
Lara QuatrocchiLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Daniele AltomareCompetence Centre on Ageing (CCA), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care (DEASS), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland.
Christian ChicherioLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Max SchefflerDivision of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Thonex, Switzerland.
Karl-Olof LövbladNeurodiagnostic and Neurointerventional Division, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Kaj BlennowDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Nicholas J AshtonDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Henrik ZetterbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Marc AbramowiczGenetic Medicine Division, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jean-Louis BlouinGenetic Medicine Division, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Chen WangLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Carine Wyss-DominguezGenetic Medicine Division, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Augusto J MendesLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Valentina GaribottoLaboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers (NIMTlab), Geneva University Neurocentre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Giovanni FrisoniLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Federica RibaldiLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9208-4472

Funding

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 320030_220269
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionResilience, the ability to maintain cognition or brain integrity despite Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, is often quantified using the residual approach. However, the variability in methodology and correction methods for this approach raises concerns about the interpretability of findings across studies.

methodsWe assessed brain resilience (BR) and cognitive resilience (CR) in a memory clinic population using the residual approach. We compared non-corrected and corrected residuals' associations with risk factors using linear regression models, and their impact on longitudinal cognition using linear mixed-effects models.

resultsCorrected versus non-corrected BR yielded distinct, often opposing, associations. For example, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was negatively associated with non-corrected BR (β = -0.33; p < 0.01) but positively with corrected BR (β = 0.5, p < 0.001). Only corrected CR measures yielded significant associations. Only corrected residuals predicted cognitive decline. DISCUSSION: The observed discrepancies raise questions about the reliability of the residual approach in accurately capturing resilience. HIGHLIGHTS: Corrected and non-corrected residuals show distinct associations with risk factors. Corrected and non-corrected residuals show different predictions of cognitive decline. These approaches may reflect general brain health rather than true resilience mechanisms.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBrainResilience, PsychologicalAgedAged, 80 and overCognitive DysfunctionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeuropsychological TestsRisk FactorsAlzheimer's disease resiliencebrain resiliencecognitive declinecognitive resilienceresidual approachresidual correction methodsrisk factors

Identifiers

PMID40289834
PMCPMC12035551

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.