Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40289181›Full record

ArticleCommunications engineering2025

Validating sensory conflict theory and mitigating motion sickness in humans with galvanic vestibular stimulation.

Aaron R Allred, Aadhit R Gopinath, Torin K Clark

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Aaron R AllredBioastronautics Laboratory, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. aaron.allred@colorado.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-2830
Aadhit R GopinathBioastronautics Laboratory, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Torin K ClarkBioastronautics Laboratory, Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.

Funding

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC20K1202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Per sensory conflict theory, vestibular sensory information has been proposed to drive motion sickness given deviations from central expectations. However, the consistency of motion sickness with quantitative predictions of manipulated vestibular sensory conflict remains untested. Here, we evaluated motion sickness symptoms within 10 participants exposed to galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) designed to manipulate vestibular sensory conflict during passive physical translations. Using a computational methodology, equal and opposite GVS waveforms were designed to reduce (Beneficial) or increase (Detrimental) motion sickness while controlling all other sources of sensory information and central confounds. Beneficial GVS produced a 26% motion sickness reduction, and Detrimental GVS produced a 56% increase (p = 0.0055), demonstrating the causal role of vestibular information in human motion sickness. Validating our predictions, this finding supports the theory that vestibular sensory conflict mediates motion sickness and facilitates new methods and countermeasures for mitigating motion sickness during transportation and in virtual environments.

Identifiers

PMID40289181
PMCPMC12034809

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.