Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40289162›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Direct brain recordings reveal implicit encoding of structure in random auditory streams.

Julian Fuhrer, Kyrre Glette, Jugoslav Ivanovic, Pål Gunnar Larsson, Tristan Bekinschtein, Silvia Kochen, Robert T Knight, Jim Tørresen, Anne-Kristin Solbakk, Tor Endestad and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Continuous Theta Burst to Supplementary Motor Area Modulates Groove.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The hearing hippocampus.Progress in neurobiology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Julian FuhrerRITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. julian.fuhrer@medisin.uio.no.
Kyrre GletteRITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Jugoslav IvanovicDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
Pål Gunnar LarssonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
Tristan BekinschteinCambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Silvia KochenENyS-CONICET-Univ Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Robert T KnightHelen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Jim TørresenRITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Anne-Kristin SolbakkRITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Tor EndestadRITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Alejandro BlenkmannRITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

Project 5: ComputationalP50MH109429 · NIMH · NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES · PI Michael Peter Milham · 2017 to 2026
$25.3M
Attention, Orientation and the Human Prefrontal CortexR01NS021135 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI Robert Thomas Knight · 1985 to 2026
$6.5M
ATTENTION, ORIENTATION, & THE HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEXR37NS021135 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI KNIGHT, ROBERT THOMAS · 2013 to 2019
$3.6M
Dynamics and Causal Functions of Large-Scale Cortical and Subcortical NetworksU01NS108916 · NINDS · WADSWORTH CENTER · PI WOLPAW, JONATHAN RICKEL · 2018 to 2019
$1.4M
BRAIN Initiative U01-NS108916NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH109429NIMH NIH HHS P50MH109429NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS021135NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS021135NINDS NIH HHS R37NS21135NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS108916Norges Forskningsråd 262762
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The brain excels at processing sensory input, even in rich or chaotic environments. Mounting evidence attributes this to sophisticated internal models of the environment that draw on statistical structures in the unfolding sensory input. Understanding how and where such modeling proceeds is a core question in statistical learning and predictive processing. In this context, we address the role of transitional probabilities as an implicit structure supporting the encoding of the temporal structure of a random auditory stream. Leveraging information-theoretical principles and the high spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial electroencephalography, we analyzed the trial-by-trial high-frequency activity representation of transitional probabilities. This unique approach enabled us to demonstrate how the brain automatically and continuously encodes structure in random stimuli and revealed the involvement of a network outside of the auditory system, including hippocampal, frontal, and temporal regions. Our work provides a comprehensive picture of the neural correlates of automatic encoding of implicit structure that can be the crucial substrate for the swift detection of patterns and unexpected events in the environment.

Indexed as

Auditory PerceptionBrainAcoustic StimulationAdultBrain MappingElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultHigh-frequency activityMMNPattern detectionPredictive codingStatistical learning

Identifiers

PMID40289162
PMCPMC12034823

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.