Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40289121›Full record

SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2025

Prevalence of Anopheles stephensi in Horn of Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wagaw Abebe, Assefa Sisay, Yenesew Mihret, Abebaw Setegn, Zelalem Asmare, Dagmawi Woldesenbet, Birhanu Kassanew, Amare Mekuanint, Sefineh Fenta Feleke

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Historical Overview of the Bionomics ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wagaw AbebeDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia. wagawabebe18@gmail.com.
Assefa SisayDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Yenesew MihretDepartment of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Abebaw SetegnDepartment of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Zelalem AsmareDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Dagmawi WoldesenbetDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Birhanu KassanewDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Amare MekuanintDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Sefineh Fenta FelekeDepartment of Public Health, College of health sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnopheles stephensi has been a primary cause of malaria spread in urban areas. The World Health Organization announced a threat alert in 2019 that highlighted the An. stephensi outbreak in the Horn of Africa. Currently, there is insufficient information on the prevalence of An. stephensi. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi in Horn of Africa.

methodsSystematic search was performed to retrieve articles from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct databases, and Google Scholar search engine. Fourteen potential studies that provided important data on An. stephensi were systematically reviewed and analyzed. The prevalence of An. stephensi was extracted separately into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA 17.0. The Inverse of variance was done to evaluate heterogeneity across studies. A funnel plot and an Egger's test were used to evaluate the potential publication bias. A trim-and-fill-meta-analysis was carried out to generate a bias-adjusted effect estimate. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi. Subgroup analysis was performed based on year of publication and country.

resultsA total of 14 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. From this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi was 41.26%. The subgroup analysis based on year of publication showed that the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi in studies conducted 2014-2018 was 99%, while it was 36.82% in studies conducted 2019-2024. On the other hand, country-based analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somaliland, and Sudan was 10.5%, 17.3%, 55.30%, 9.90%, 48.70%, and 24.63%, respectively.

conclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis reveal a high prevalence of An. stephensi across the Horn of Africa region. This underscores the significant challenges in managing malaria infections transmitted by An. stephensi in the region. Health officials must adjust current vector control measures to incorporate An. stephensi with the local malaria vector species. Also, regular identification and limiting of An. stephensi must be sustained to ensure the effectiveness of malaria prevention.

Indexed as

AnophelesMalariaMosquito VectorsAfricaAnimalsHumansPrevalenceAnopheles stephensiHorn of AfricaMalariaPrevalenceReview

Identifiers

PMID40289121
PMCPMC12036230

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.