ArticleBMC oral health2025
Mediators of the association between education and periodontitis: Mendelian randomization study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sociodemographic Determinants and Temporal Trends in Periodontal Conditions in Brazil: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Association between vitamin K intake and periodontitis in American elderly population: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Periodontal therapy mitigates inflammation via TNF-α reduction and improves glycolipid metabolism in diabetic patients: a cross-sectional cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo estimate the causal link between the risk of chronic periodontitis and educational attainment (EA).
methodsThe biggest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to conduct two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the direct and combined effects of body mass index (BMI), smoking, household income, alcohol drinking, major depression, and EA on chronic periodontitis. To determine if putative mediators are causally involved in the pathway that mediates the relationship between EA and chronic periodontitis, a two-step MR analysis is performed.
resultsMR evidence suggested a causal relationship between higher educational level and lower chronic periodontitis risk (OR: 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63 to 0.82; P < 0.001). The proportions mediated of the total effect of genetically predicted education on chronic periodontitis were 12.9%, 30.7%, 89.9%, 9.7%, and 16.4% for BMI, smoking, household income, alcohol drinking, and major depression, respectively.
conclusionThe risk of chronic periodontitis is protected by higher EA. Obesity, smoking, income, alcohol drinking, major depression seem to be significant factors. Measures to alleviate the risk burden of chronic periodontitis caused by educational disparities may be achieved by addressing these factors.
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