ArticleScientific reports2025
Global burden of hypertensive heart disease and attributable risk factors, 1990-2021: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Short-term blood pressure variability after continuous versus interval aerobic training combined with resistance exercise in ischemic heart disease: a pilot study.European journal of translational myology · 2026Article
- Predictors of Medication Adherence Among Taiwanese Community-Based Adults with Hypertension: The Application of Temporal Self-Regulation Theory.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional analysis of liver disease-hypertension comorbid mortality trends in the United States, 1999-2023.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Article
- Peripheral Arterial Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Global burden and trends of cardiovascular disease attributable to low vegetable intake: a global burden of disease 1990-2021 analysis and projection to 2035.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Retrospective cohort study assessing cardiovascular risk reduction through intensive blood pressure management in high-risk patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Fixed-dose combinationFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Global burden and trends of non-communicable diseases among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021: an age-period-cohort and frontier analysis with projections to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Editorial: Exploring the role of exercise in hypertension and blood pressure variability.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in hypertensive heart disease burden due to high BMI: a 30-year analysis using GBD 2021 data with projections to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines on antihypertensive prescribing in the United States: real-world evidence from a nationally representative population.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The burden of hypertensive heart disease in China and G20 countries: analysis from 1990 to 2021 and 30-year projections for China.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive therapy and healthcare utilization in U.S. adults with hypertension: a propensity score-based analysis of a nationally representative population.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk and associated factors among people with hypertension in the West Bank, Palestine.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Namibia.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Application of digital health technologies in hypertension self-management: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- The Knowledge-Practice Gap in Primordial Hypertension Prevention Through Social Determinants of Health Among Normotensive Adults in Rural South Africa.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hyperleptinemia Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Vascular Reactivity Impairment in Patients with Hypertension.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Simultaneous Assessment of Left Ventricular Volumes and Aortic Valve Annular Dimensions by Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Healthy Adults from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study-Is There a Relationship?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, worsened by rising hypertension rates. This study aims to assess the burden of HHD from 1990 to 2021, analyzing prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) stratified by age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 project across 204 countries and 21 regions, the study calculated age-standardized rates and evaluated risk factors for prevention priorities. In 2021, there were 12.5 million HHD cases globally, resulting in 1.332 million deaths and 25.4622 million DALYs. Age-standardized rates were 148.3 for prevalence, 16.3 for deaths, and 301.6 for DALYs per 100,000 people, reflecting increases of 18.2% for prevalence but decreases for deaths (- 22%) and DALYs (- 25.8%) since 1990. Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa recorded the highest prevalence (291.8), while Bulgaria had the highest mortality (103.4) and DALY rates (1739.3). Age-specific trends showed that prevalence, deaths, and DALYs increased with age across genders, and at regional levels, DALYs decreased with higher SDI. Major contributing factors included high systolic blood pressure, metabolic risks, high body-mass index, unhealthy diet, alcohol use, and low fruit and vegetable intake. Despite advances in management, HHD remains a global health concern, especially in low-SDI areas. Efforts focused on modifiable risks, like hypertension control and dietary improvements, are essential to mitigate the burden of HHD.
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