ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2025
Effect of initiation of antiretroviral drugs for HIV prevention or treatment on the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women in Malawi.
Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The female microbiome in HIV prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface: a perspective on interacting risk factors for preterm birth in sub-Saharan African women living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lack of Lactobacillus and/or dysbiosis is linked to spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). The impact of antiretrovirals (ARVs) for HIV treatment or prevention on the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy remains unclear. We examined vaginal microbiome changes in pregnant women in Lilongwe, Malawi. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART), while HIV-negative women began oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Of 255 participants (191 HIV-negative, 64 WLHIV) who provided baseline vaginal swabs, 181 provided follow-up swabs one month after ARV initiation. At enrollment, WLHIV had higher Shannon diversity and were more likely to have CST IV-B than CST I or III. After ARV initiation, α-diversity decreased in WLHIV but increased in HIV-negative women. Women initiating PrEP had a lower risk of sPTB compared to WLHIV initiating ART, but transitioning to CST IV during pregnancy increased the odds of sPTB. Larger studies are needed to explore ARV impact on pregnancy outcomes.
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