ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Dual SPE-HPLC-MS/MS Platform for Cross-Class Antiparasitic Surveillance: Simultaneous Quantification of Oxyclozanide and Levamisole Hydrochloride in Ovine Tissues with Applications to Withdrawal Period Optimization.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study presents a novel high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of oxyclozanide (OXY) and levamisole hydrochloride (LEV) residues in ovine tissues, addressing the critical gap in cross-class antiparasitic drug monitoring. Leveraging dual solid-phase extraction strategies-MAX anion-exchange for lipophilic OXY and MCX cation-exchange for hydrophilic LEV-we achieved efficient purification of these pharmacokinetically divergent compounds from complex matrices (muscle, liver, kidney, and perirenal adipose). The method demonstrated superior sensitivity with limits of detection (1.5 μg/kg) and quantification (2.5 μg/kg) below international maximum residue limits (MRLs), validated through Codex Alimentarius guidelines (CAC/GL 71-2009). Linear responses (2.5-1000 μg/kg, R
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