ReviewNeuroradiology2025
Styloid process-related internal carotid artery dissection: extensive literature review of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes (exemplified with a single-center case series).
Review in Neuroradiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Compression Syndromes of the Stylohyoid Complex: Neural, Arterial, and Venous Phenotypes in a Dynamic Neurovascular Corridor.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Review
- Bilateral Eagle Syndrome: Is Simultaneous Resection of the Elongated Styloid Process a Preventive Option?Clinical neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Alterations in Carotid Dissection Versus Atherosclerosis: Insights Into Divergent Ischemic Mechanisms.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Styloid process morphology in extracranial internal carotid artery dissection: a CTA case-control study.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Anatomical characteristics of the styloid process associated with internal carotid artery dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.Frontiers in radiology · 2026Review
- Article
- When headache meets visual disturbance: An evidence-based review of common and critical entities.Science progressReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeInternal carotid artery dissection (ICA-D) frequently leads to ischemic stroke in individuals under 50 years. There is mounting evidence on the role of the styloid process (SP) in ICA-D, particularly SP length and the SP-ICA distance. Despite having clear guidelines on the treatment of SP-related Eagle syndrome and ICA-D, the concept of SP-related ICA-D is relatively new and no therapeutic guidelines exist.
methodsA narrative literature search was performed to identify all articles pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of ICA-D linked to an ipsilateral elongated SP or short SP-ICA distance. The treatments were evaluated in terms of symptom recurrence after the treatment. As illustrative examples of clinical management, we present an in-house case series of patients with suspected ICA-D related to SP.
resultsTreatment efficacy was assessed, with an in-house case series provided. Seventy-five reports and case studies involving 84 patients were analyzed. Conservative treatments were common (52%) but had a high symptom recurrence rate (33%). It is noteworthy that no patients treated initially with styloidectomy exhibited symptom recurrence.
conclusionIn case of a correctly diagnosed SP-related ICA-D, a styloidectomy may offer a curative option, but more research is needed for clear indications and standardized guidelines to prevent recurrent symptoms or strokes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.