ArticlePest management science2025
Identifying key parameters for reliable assessment of entomopathogenic nematodes viability as affected by spray application stress-related factors.
Article in Pest management science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConventional pesticide application equipment (PAE) is used to apply entomopathogenic nematode (EPN)-based bioinsecticides, but their closed hydraulic systems could raise the temperature of the spray mixture up to 40 °C, potentially harming EPN, since temperatures above 30 °C can immobilize nematodes, reducing their infective capacity. This study aimed to identify the most suitable method to evaluate EPN viability under the effects of PAE technology.
resultsThree EPN species-Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema carpocapsae-were exposed to thermal stress (10, 20, 30, and 40 °C for 270 min) to simulate spray application conditions. Three viability evaluation methods were compared: prodding stimulation, NaCl chemical stimulation, and no stimulation. Viability was measured by two parameters depending on the assessment method: % actively EPN moving (activity), or % total live EPN, both actively moving and immobile (survival). Additionally, a novel parameter estimating non-lethal stress (Δ
conclusionThe study concluded that combined measurement of survival, activity and non-lethal stress should be considered in EPN viability assessments when designing PAE to ensure high efficacy of biocontrol agents. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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