Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40285251›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System.

Jianyu Long, Chen Wang, Ying Wu, Bohan Sang, Chengzhen Bian, Xiongwei Yang, Long Zhang, Yifan Chen, Qinyi Zhang, Ying Wang and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Jianyu LongState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3161-9506
Chen WangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Ying WuState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Bohan SangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5837-0280
Chengzhen BianState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Xiongwei YangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9944-0361
Long ZhangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Yifan ChenState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7690-8590
Qinyi ZhangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0009-0007-2306-1593
Ying WangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Yichen LiState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Wen ZhouState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4656-5907
Kaihui WangState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8898-8989
Bo LiuState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Lei ShenYangtze Optical Fiber and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company (YOFC), Wuhan 430073, China.
Jianjun YuState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Funding

Key Project of Jiangsu Province of China BE2023001-4National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFB2905600National Natural Science Foundation of China 62127802, 62331004, 62305067, U24B20142, U24B20168, 62427815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) techniques provide significant enhancement of the capacity of optical intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) short-reach communication systems, like the datacenter interconnection scenarios. While the introduction of multiple modes leads to mode coupling that will extremely deteriorate the received signals, two approaches have been explored to address this issue: one involves the application of all-link weakly coupled components to suppress modal crosstalk, while the other utilizes optical multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) equalizers based on optical devices for signal decoupling. However, pure digital signal processing (DSP)-based schemes for mode decoupling in IM/DD MDM systems with strong mode coupling remain unexplored. In this paper, we propose to use a frequency-domain MIMO equalizer for compensating the modal interference in the strong-coupling linear-polarized (LP) MDM IM/DD system. The signal recovery capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation. Finally, we successfully experimentally demonstrate the transmission of on-off-key (OOK) signals in a six-LP-mode strong-coupling MDM IM/DD system over a 10 km few-mode fiber, employing a pair of strong-coupling mode multiplexers/demultiplexers. The experimental results indicate that, with the frequency-domain MIMO equalizer, OOK signals from all modes can be recovered with an 11% hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 8.3 × 10-3. The proposed method facilitated by flexible DSP software offers an alternative for short-reach communication systems and has the potential to advance the practical application of MDM techniques in the future.

Indexed as

digital signal processingintensity modulation and direct detectionmode division multiplexingmultiple-input–multiple-output equalizer

Identifiers

PMID40285251
PMCPMC12031150

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.