Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40285174›Full record

ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Principle and Applications of Thermoelectric Generators: A Review.

Mohamad Ridwan, Manel Gasulla, Ferran Reverter

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mohamad RidwanDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
Manel GasullaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0364-6806
Ferran ReverterDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1653-0519

Funding

European Union 101071179
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For an extensive and sustainable deployment of technological ecosystems such as the Internet of Things, it is a must to leverage the free energy available in the environment to power the autonomous sensors. Among the different alternatives, thermal energy harvesters based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are an attractive solution for those scenarios in which a gradient of temperature is present. In such a context, this article reviews the operating principle of TEGs and then the applications proposed in the literature in the last years. These applications are subclassified into five categories: domestic, industrial, natural heat, wearable, and others. In each category, a comprehensive comparison is carried out, including the thermal, mechanical, and electrical information of each case. Finally, an identification of the challenges and opportunities of research in the field of TEGs applied to low-power sensor nodes is exposed.

Indexed as

autonomous sensorenergy harvestinglow-power electronicsthermoelectric generator

Identifiers

PMID40285174
PMCPMC12031398

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.